ILS(1)

NAME
ils - list inode information

SYNOPSIS
ils [-eorvV] [-f fstype] device [start-stop ...] ils [-aAlLvVzZ] [-f fstype] device [start-stop ...]

DESCRIPTION
ils opens the named device and lists inode information. By default, ils lists only the inodes of removed files. Arguments:

-e  List every inode in the file system.

-f fstype
    Specifies the file system type. The default file system type is system dependent. With most UNIX systems the default type is ffs (Berkeley fast file system). With Linux the default type is ext2fs (second extended file system).

-o  List only inodes of removed files that are still open or executing. This option is short-hand notation for -aL (see the fine controls section below).

-r  List only inodes of removed files. This option is short-hand notation for -LZ (see the fine controls section below).

-v  Turn on verbose mode, output to stderr.

-V  Turn on verbose mode, output to stdout.

device
    Disk special file, or regular file containing a disk image. On UNIX systems, raw mode disk access may give better performance than block mode disk access. LINUX disk device drivers support only block mode disk access.

start-stop ...
    Examine the specified inode number or number range. Either the start, the stop, or the -stop may be omitted.

Fine controls:

-a  List only allocated inodes: these belong to files with at least one directory entry in the file system, and to removed files that are still open or executing.

-A  List only unallocated inodes: these belong to files that no longer exist.

-l  List only inodes with at least one hard link. These belong to files with at least one directory entry in the file system.

-L  List only inodes without any hard links. These belong to files that no longer exist, and to removed files that are still open or executing.

-z  List only inodes with zero status change time. Presumably, these inodes were never used.

-Z  List only inodes with non-zero status change time. Presumably, these belong to files that still exist, or that existed in the past.

The output format is in time machine format, as described in tm-format(5). The output begins with a two-line header that describes the data origin, and is followed by a one-line header that lists the names of the data attributes that make up the remainder of the output:

st_ino
    The inode number.

st_alloc
    Allocation status: `a' for allocated inode, `f' for free inode.

st_uid
    Owner user ID.

st_gid
    Owner group ID.

st_mtime
    UNIX time (seconds) of last file modification.

st_atime
    UNIX time (seconds) of last file access.

st_ctime
    UNIX time (seconds) of last inode status change.

st_dtime
    UNIX time (seconds) of file deletion (LINUX only).

st_mode
    File type and permissions (octal).

st_nlink
    Number of hard links.

st_size
    File size in bytes.

st_block0,st_block1
    The first two entries in the direct block address list.

SEE ALSO
mactime(1), mtime, atime, ctime reporter
tm-format(5), time machine data format

BUGS
ils should support more file system types. Right now, support is limited to ext2fs when built on Linux, and ffs when built on Solaris and BSD systems.

LICENSE
This software is distributed under the IBM Public License.

AUTHOR(S)
Wietse Venema
IBM T.J. Watson Research
P.O. Box 704
Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, USA